细菌的活的非可培养状态与人类公共健康 |
| 日期：2006-10-20 21:45:35 来源:转载 |
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Relationship between viable but nonculturable state of bacteria and human public health
Huaishu XU
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao
Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology/BAC/UNESCO
Xu et. al first found and reported "A new form of special survival of bacteria-Viable but nonculturable state(VBNC)" in 1982. (Xu, H.-S., N. Roberts, F. L. Singleton, R. W. Atwell, D. J. Grimes and R. R. Colwell. Survival and Viability of Nonculturable Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in the Estuarine and Marine Environment. Microbial Ecology, 8:313-323, 1982). It is that the bacteria are under the bad condition, the bacterial cells change to a small coccid cells, there are now growth and division of bacteria on the media under the normal culture condition, but the bacteria still have metabolic activities and pathogenicity, the bacteria are still alive. It is a form of bacterial dormant state.
During the past 18 years, more than 1000 papers have been published which related the research on viable but nonculturable state of bacteria. The bacteria of 22 genera including 40 species have been investigated their viable but nonculturable state. The environmental condition of forming VBNC, cell morphology, physiological and biochemical activities, metabolic activities, pathogenicity, resuscitation and research methodology have been investigated.
Since the finding of viable but nonculturable of bacteria, scientists must re-consider the relationship between the VBNC bacteria and human public health, for example, inspection of stool pollution, microbiological examination of food and beverage, safety of engineering bacteria releasing into the environment, over wintering of Vibrio cholerae and storage of bacterial strains. Because microbiological inspection and examination are based on cultural methods. But the viable but nonculturable bacteria can not grow on the media. When the inspection of stool pollution, microbiological examination of food and beverage, and so on are done by cultural methods, the correct results can not be got. It will be dangerous to human health. We must develop new techniques to inspect the viable but nonculturable bacteria.
细菌的活的非可培养状态与人类公共健康
徐 怀 恕
青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院
联合国教科文组织中国海洋生物工程中心
1982年徐怀恕等人在世界上首次发现和报道了"细菌的一种特殊存活形式--活的非可培养状态"。(Xu, H.-S., N. Roberts, F. L. Singleton, R. W. Atwell, D. J. Grimes and R. R. Colwell, 1982. Survival and Viability of Nonculturable Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in the Estuarine and Marine Environment. Microbial Ecology, 8:313-323). "细菌的活的非可培养状态"是"细菌在不良环境条件下，整个细菌细胞缩小成球形，在培养基上于常规条件下培养时，不生长繁殖，但仍然具有代谢活性及致病力的活菌。它是细菌的一种"休眠状态"。
18年来已经发表了研究细菌的活的非可培养状态的论文1000多篇。已经研究的细菌种类达22个属40种。并对"活的非可培养状态"的形成条件、细胞形态结构变化、生理生化活动、新陈代谢变化、致病力、复苏以及研究技术进行了深入研究。
由于这一细菌生命现象的发现，使科学家不得不重新思考活的非可培养状态细菌与人类公共健康的关系。例如公共卫生学的粪便污染检测，食品的微生物检验，遗传工程细菌向环境释放的安全性问题，霍乱弧菌的越冬机理，以及菌种保藏技术等。因为这些微生物检测，都是建立在培养基培养方法的基础上。而培养法检测不出"活的非可培养状态"的细菌，那将对人类健康构成威胁。我们必须研究开发能检测"活的非可培养状态细菌"的技术。
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